Large-scale advances in SSR markers with high-throughput sequencing in Euphorbia fischeriana Steud

BACKGROUND: Euphorbia fischeriana Steud is a very important medicinal herb and has significant medical value for healing cancer, edema and tuberculosis in China. The lack of molecular markers for Euphorbia fischeriana Steud is a dominant barrier to genetic research. For the purpose of developing many simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers, we completed transcriptome analysis with the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. RESULTS: Approximately 9.1 million clean reads were acquired and then assembled into approximately 186.3 thousand nonredundant unigenes, 53,146 of which were SSR-containing unigenes. A total of 76,193 SSR loci were identified. Of these SSR loci, 28,491 were detected at the terminal position of ESTs, which made it difficult to design SSR primers for these SSR-containing sequences, and the residual SSRs were thus used to design primer pairs. Analyzing the results of these markers revealed that the mononucleotide motif A/T (44,067, 57.83% of all SSRs) was the most abundant, followed by the dinucleotide type AG/CT (9430, 12.38%). Using 100 randomly selected primer pairs, 77 primers were successfully amplified in Euphorbia fischeriana Steud, and 79 were successfully amplified in three other related species. The markers developed displayed relatively high quality and cross-species transferability. CONCLUSIONS: The large number of EST-SSRs exploited successfully in Euphorbia fischeriana Steud for the first time could provide genetic information for research on linkage maps, variety identification, genetic diversity analysis, and molecular marker-assisted breeding.

Practice and service models of adolescent outpatient clinic / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#Practice of setting up campus clinics in school,to explore adolescent outpatient service mode to better meet the diversified demands of teenagers,and to promote more effective implementation of adolescent health care.@*Methods@#Campus-based adolescent outpatient clinics were established in 2 universities in Chongqing,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 136 students who participated in the consultation, campus-based outpatient services and adolescents’ satisfaction towards the services were analyzed. Hospital adolescent outpatient services were compared before and after the establishment of campus adolescent clinic.@*Results@#Most of adolescent outpatient clinic in hospitals offered disease-based treatment instead of consultation. The overall satisfaction rate was 94.85%, and the satisfaction towards service ability, communication skills, outpatient time arrangement, and privacy protection was 96.32%, 96.32%, 88.97% and 94.12%, respectively. After the establishment of campus adolescent outpatient clinics, adolescent outpatient services in hospital increased dramatically including consultation.@*Conclusion@#It is necessary to offer adolescent outpatient services in schools, which are more helpful for the diversified demands of teenagers.

Application of apically positioned flap technique on keratinized gingiva reconstruction in implant / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To explore the method of apically positioned flap technique (APFT) on buccal keratinized gingiva reconstruction around dental implants and evaluate its clinical outcomes and technical characters. @*Methods @#13 patients, who were insufficient of buccal keratinized gingiva around dental implants but sufficient with alveolar ridge crest tissue or palatal tissue at posterior maxillar, were enrolled in this study. APFT was operated during the phase Ⅱ surgery, by which some tissues were transferred from the alveolar ridge crest or palatal side to the original site of keratinized gingiva. Before APFT surgery and 1, 6 and 12 months after crown restoration, the width and thickness of transferred tissues were measured, gingival index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were also detected. The results were applied to comparative t-test statistical analysis.@*Results @# Transferred tissues by APFT showed healthy one month after crown restoration and exhibited characters of keratinized gingiva compared with the adjacent teeth at 6 and 12 months after restoration. Mean value of width of transferred tissue were respectively (3.25 ± 0.40) mm, (3.04 ± 0.34) mm and (2.97 ± 0.32) mm, meanwhile the thickness were respectively (2.05 ± 0.20) mm, (1.91 ± 0.23) mm and (1.84 ± 0.25) mm. The value of width and thickness of the adjacent teeth gingiva were (3.19 ± 0.42) mm and (1.96 ± 0.23) mm respectively. No significant differences were found between transferred tissue and adjacent teeth gingiva on width and thickness (P>0.05). Observation results of GI and positive rate of BOP of transferred tissue were also similar to which of gingiva of the adjacent teeth. @*Conclusion @#Technique of apically positioned flap is an effective measure on buccal keratinized gingiva reconstruction.

Mask-wearing and respiratory infection in healthcare workers in Beijing, China

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to determine rates of mask-wearing, of respiratory infection and the factors associated with mask-wearing and of respiratory infection in healthcare workers (HCWs) in Beijing during the winter of 2007/2008. METHODS: We conducted a survey of 400 HCWs working in eight hospitals in Beijing by face to face interview using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: We found that 280/400 (70.0 percent) of HCWs were compliant with mask-wearing while in contact with patients. Respiratory infection occurred in 238/400 (59.5 percent) subjects from November, 2007 through February, 2008. Respiratory infection was higher among females (odds ratio [OR], 2.00 [95 percent confidence interval {CI}, 1.16-3.49]) and staff working in larger hospitals (OR, 1.72 [95 percent CI, 1.092.72]), but was lower among subjects with seasonal influenza vaccination (OR, 0.46 [95 percent CI, 0.280.76]), wearing medical masks (reference: cotton-yarn; OR, 0.60 [95 percent CI, 0.39-0.91]) or with good mask-wearing adherence (OR, 0.60 [95 percent CI, 0.37-0.98]). The risk of respiratory infection of HCWs working in low risk areas was similar to that of HCWs in high risk area. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that female HCWs and staffs working in larger hospitals are the focus of prevention and control of respiratory infection in Beijing hospitals. Mask-wearing and seasonal influenza vaccination are protective for respiratory infection in HCWs; the protective efficacy of medical masks is better than that of cotton yarn ones; respiratory infection of HCWs working in low risk areas should also be given attention.